Nicotine dependence and withdrawal symptoms among occasional smokers

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dc.date.accessioned 2007-02-21 en
dc.date.accessioned 2023-09-13T01:36:28Z
dc.date.available 2023-09-13T01:36:28Z
dc.date.issued 2015-08-25 en
dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11910/6234
dc.description.abstract This study describes the levels of nicotine dependence, withdrawal symptoms, depressive mood, and risk behavior reported by male and female weekly and monthly adolescent smokers in South Africa. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 554 grade 9-11 weekly and monthly smokers in the Southern Cape-Karoo Region. Differences between the gender groups and smoking status were analyzed while controlling for demographic characteristics. Weekly and monthly smokers were classified as light smokers having smoked 6-10 cigarettes and 0-1 cigarettes a week, respectively. However, they displayed substantial levels of dependence, with 11.6% of weekly smokers classified as highly dependent. Furthermore, 55.9% of weekly smokers and 47.1% of the overall sample experienced more than two withdrawal symptoms. Although dependency levels and withdrawal symptoms were higher among weekly smokers, the levels were not negligible among monthly smokers. Weekly smokers reported higher levels of depressive mood and risk behavior than monthly smokers. Females reported higher levels of dependence, withdrawal symptoms, depressive mood, and lower levels of risk behavior than males. Gender differences were not found on the number of cigarettes smoked in a week. This study demonstrates multiple symptoms of dependence among a large sample of adolescent occasional smokers in a multi-ethnic cultural setting. Smoking cessation programs may, therefore, be required to help adolescents quit smoking and possibly consider pharmacotherapy for highly dependent smokers. Prevention programs should also consider providing occasional smokers skills to identify and cope with withdrawal symptoms. en
dc.format.medium Print en
dc.subject SMOKING en
dc.subject ADOLESCENTS en
dc.title Nicotine dependence and withdrawal symptoms among occasional smokers en
dc.type Journal Article en
dc.description.version Y en
dc.ProjectNumber N/A en
dc.Volume 40 en
dc.BudgetYear 2006/07 en
dc.ResearchGroup Child, Youth, Family and Social Development en
dc.SourceTitle Journal of Adolescent Health en
dc.ArchiveNumber 4399 en
dc.PageNumber 144-150 en
dc.outputnumber 2967 en
dc.bibliographictitle Panday, S., Reddy, S.P., Ruiter, R.A.C., Bergstrom, E. & De Vries, H. (2007) Nicotine dependence and withdrawal symptoms among occasional smokers. Journal of Adolescent Health. 40:144-150. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11910/6234 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11910/6234 en
dc.publicationyear 2007 en
dc.contributor.author1 Panday, S. en
dc.contributor.author2 Reddy, S.P. en
dc.contributor.author3 Ruiter, R.A.C. en
dc.contributor.author4 Bergstrom, E. en
dc.contributor.author5 De Vries, H. en


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