Dollar value of disability-adjusted life years in South Africa in 2019

Abstract

To date, no study has estimated the dollar value of DALYs lost from a wide range of diseases and conditions in South Africa. The specific objectives of this study were: (a) to estimate the dollar value of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) lost in South Africa in 2019, and (b) to forecast the reductions in the dollar value of DALY losses assuming the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG3) five disease-specific targets are attained by 2030. The study employs the human capital approach to convert the DALYs lost from all causes into their International Dollar (Int$) equivalents. The DALYs data used in the analysis was from Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) Database, per capita GDP data from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) Database, and current health expenditure per person from the Global Health Expenditure Database of the World Health Organization (WHO). South Africa lost 26.6 million DALYs in 2019 with a total value of Int$ 313.5 billion and an average value of Int$ 11,791.6 per DALY. Approximately Int$ 155.6 billion (50%) was attributed to communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases (CMNND); Int$ 120.4 billion (38%) to non-communicable diseases (NCD); and Int$ 37.4 billion (12%) to injuries (INJ). The health conditions related to SDG3 targets 3.1 (maternal mortality), 3.2 (neonatal mortality), 3.3 (CMNND), 3.4 (NCD) and 3.6 (INJ) resulted in DALY losses with a value of 256.4 billion, i.e. 82% of the total monetary value of DALYs lost in 2019. Therefore, achieving the five SDG targets would potentially save South Africa Int$ 139.7 billion per year. Health development policy-makers should employ this type of evidence when making a case for increased investments into the national health-related systems to bridge the extant gap in the universal health service coverage index for South Africa.