Strengthening gender and inclusivity in the national system of Science, Technology, and Innovation (STI): literature review: Ethiopia

Abstract

Ethiopia being a Sub-Saharan African country had exceptional, perhaps, interesting history in Africa from the perspective of women roles in its society. The country had more women queens and empresses throughout its history practically than any other African country (Pankhurst, 2020), has the oldest known women queens in Africa (Koltuv, 2013), and purports to be committed to gender equality and inclusiveness, but ended up undermining its own objectives of achieving gender parity in its contemporary society. Given this narrative, puzzling for social and political scientists that gender inclusiveness is yet to be achieved by Ethiopia. The post-socialist Ethiopia since 1991formulated a policy framework which is neither centrally planned, nor the Laissez-faire as articulated in the mainstream orthodox policy argument, as implied in the constitution of the federal democratic republic of Ethiopia (Dejene, 2019).