Towards strengthening electoral democracy in Africa: a review of trends, challenges, and future prospects

Abstract

This article reviews the current trends in electoral democracy in Africa and assesses the electoral integrity and governance challenges, to make recommendations for improved electoral integrity and democratic governance in the future. Democracy has been touted as an inclusive system of electoral process and governance that respects universal suffrage. Western nations and post-colonial countries, especially in Africa, have adopted and encouraged democracy as the system of national governance, citing as its advantages inclusivity and respect for the voting rights of citizens in choosing political leaders. Democratic elections are an integral aspect of democracy, but this seems to be declining globally, especially in Africa. Several studies have been conducted on democracy and electoral integrity, without reviewing the trends in electoral democracy to assess the electoral integrity and governance challenges of democracy on the continent. By learning from these experiences, fostering international collaboration, and empowering citizens, Africa can strive towards a future in which electoral integrity is a cornerstone of democracy. The forecasted ratios for 2030 provide insight into the potential trajectories of electoral integrity or governance challenges in select countries and serve as valuable indicators for policymakers and stability in Africa. The article clarifies the broader significance of its findings and recommendations. Improving electoral integrity and governance in Africa is not just about ensuring fair elections; rather, it is about creating a foundation for sustainable development, social cohesion, and long-term political stability in Africa.