Ageing in a time of adversity: personal wellbeing of older people in South Africa

Abstract

This chapter examines the determinants of personal wellbeing among South Africans aged 60 years and older, using representative data from the South African Social Attitudes Survey (SASAS) covering 2009–2023. Wellbeing increased from 2009 to 2013 but declined steadily from 2016 to 2021, with a slight recovery in 2021–2023. Religion, personal relationships, and community belonging were highly rated domains. However, concerns about health, safety, and financial security remained, especially among the most vulnerable. Significant disparities in wellbeing exist among older persons, linked to education, employment, and subjective poverty. Higher education levels and employment status correlated with increased life satisfaction, while self-rated poverty significantly reduced wellbeing. Marital status also influenced satisfaction levels. Racial and geographic disparities were evident, with Black African and rural-based older adults displaying lower wellbeing. The analysis also highlights the growing impact of digital technology, with Internet usage enhancing wellbeing, though a digital divide persists. In the context of widespread poverty and socio-economic challenges, the analysis underscores the need for comprehensive social policies focused on elder care, social assistance, healthcare, and digital inclusion to reduce inequalities and improve the quality of life of older South Africans.