The socioeconomic and demographic determinants of digital divide among the youth in Sub Sahara Africa

Abstract

Despite the global proliferation of digital technologies, African youth face a persistent digital divide that hinders sustainable development by limiting access to critical resources for socio-economic resilience. Livelihoods theory emphasizes how disparities in digital access constrain young Africans’ ability to acquire and sustain vital assets for improved life outcomes. While this challenge has gained recognition as a critical development issue, its impact on unequal life trajectories remains insufficiently understood. This study examines the factors influencing digital access and usage among youth and explores how digital disparities affect educational attainment, employment opportunities, and overall socio-economic well-being. Utilizing data from the Research ICT Africa (RIA 2020) survey conducted across ten African countries with a sample of 8,353 youths aged 15 to 35, the study employs Logit estimation for analysis. The findings reveal significant digital inequalities among youth, shaped by demographic factors such as age, gender, education, employment, and income. A positive association emerges between digital technology use and higher levels of education, employment, and income, particularly for those with access to banking and social media platforms. However, married individuals aged 25–35 show lower engagement with digital technologies, likely due to increased familial and occupational responsibilities. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to bridge the digital divide. Policymakers, educators, and development practitioners should enhance digital literacy, expand affordable internet access, and support digital entrepreneurship. Addressing the divide will empower marginalised youth, aligning with livelihoods theory by fostering sustainable assets for resilient socio-economic well-being.